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Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular genetic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor (HRRMT). Methods: The clinical data of two cases of HRRMT diagnosed in Fujian Provincial Hospital and Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital from 2020 to 2021 were collected. Histopathology and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to assess morphological changes; the genetic changes were analyzed with next-generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: Both cases showed well-defined solid nodules and soft masses. Microscopically, the tumors had a fibrous pseudocapsule with lymphocytic aggregation, and locally invaded the surrounding skeletal muscle tissue, and the tumor cells were fusiform to epithelioid with an intensive foamy histiocytic infiltrate. No necrosis or mitosis was observed. Immunophenotyping showed the tumor cells were positive for desmin, either one or both skeletal muscle markers (myogenin or MyoD1), and negative for h-caldesmon, ALK and SMA. The Ki-67 index was<5%. Using next-generation sequencing, one case was found to harbour KRAS (G12D) and MSH3 (Q470*) mutations. Conclusions: HRRMT is a newly described skeletal muscle tumor with uncertain malignant potential. Its diagnosis and differential diagnosis depend on morphologic and IHC staining. No specific molecular genetics changes have been identified so far.
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Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Diagnosis, Differential , Histiocytes/pathology , Molecular Biology , Muscle Neoplasms/pathology , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the prevalence trend and survival of liver cancer in Yangpu District， Shanghai， from 2002 to 2016. Methods:Data on liver cancer incidence and mortality from 2002 to 2016 were collected from the Shanghai cancer registry system for the registered population in Yangpu District and the number of the registered population published by the public security department. The standardized liver cancer incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the world standard population to analyze the trends of the liver cancer incidence and mortality， in general， by gender and by age. Life table method was used to calculate the survival rate， and log-rank test was used to analyze the difference of 5-year survival rates and the period of diagnosis between patients with liver cancer by gender. Results:The overall incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a decreasing trend from 2002 to 2016. After removing the influence of community aging， the standardized annual percentage change （APC） of morbidity and mortality was -3.10% （P<0.01） and -3.44% （P<0.01）， respectively. The morbidity and mortality of males were significantly higher than that of females （P<0.01） by Z test. The incidence of liver cancer started to rise obviously from 40 years old， and the death rate raised obviously from 50 years old. 4 007 liver cancer patients were followed up for 5 years. The 5 years observed survival rate was 12.45%， and the median survival time was 281.48 days. The 5-year survival rate of male liver cancer patients was higher than that of female patients， and there was a significant difference（P<0.01）.46.58% of liver cancer patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage， and only 13.46% was diagnosed at the early-stage. There was no statistical difference in the proportion between men and women at different stages （P=0.11）. Conclusion:The overall incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer from 2002 to 2016 show a slowly decreasing trend， with higher incidence and mortality rates in men than in women. Middle-aged and elderly people are still the main population of morbidity and death. The five-year survival rate is low， and the diagnostic periods are mostly in the middle and late stages of cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex couplet medicines on glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats before and after salt-processing. Method:The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with low dose streptozotocin （STZ）， the model rats were randomly divided into six groups， including the model group， metformin group （200 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and different compatibility groups of raw and salt-processed of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex （6.48 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>）. In addition， The same week old rats fed with normal diet were set as the blank group. After 30 d of continuous intragastric administration， changes of fasting blood glucose （FBG）， fasting serum insulin （FINS）， glycosylated serum protein （GSP）， hepatic glycogen， blood lipid ［total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）］， nonesterified fatty acid （NEFA）， adipocytokines ［adiponectin （ADP） and leptin）］， kidney function ［blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and creatinine （CRE）］ and other indicators of rats from different groups were detected， and the insulin sensitivity index （ISI） and insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） were calculated， hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes of pancreas， liver and kidney of rats from different groups. Result:Compared with the model group， compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma-Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex couplet medicines before and after salt-processing all could decrease the levels of FBG， GSP， TC， TG， LDL-C， NEFA， leptin， BUN， CRE and HOMA-IR， and increase the contents of FINS， HDL-C， ADP， hepatic glycogen and ISI， among which the compatibility of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex had the most significant effect on regulating glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats. The compatibility of all couplet medicines could improve the histopathological changes of pancreas， liver and kidney in type 2 diabetic rats， among which the compatibility of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex had the most prominent effect on repairing pathological damage. Conclusion:The compatibility of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex before and after salt-processing can improve glucolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic rats， while the comprehensive effect of salt-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and salt-processed Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex<italic> </italic>on lowering glucose and regulating lipid is the best.
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Screening suitable reference genes is the premise of quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)for gene expression analysis. To provide stable reference genes for expression analysis of genes in Aconitum vilmorinianum, this study selected 19 candidate re-ference genes(ACT1, ACT2, ACT3, aTUB1, aTUB2, bTUB, 18S rRNA, UBQ, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4, eIF5, CYP, GAPDH1, GAPDH2, PP2A1, PP2A2, ACP, and EF1α) based on the transcriptome data of A. vilmorinianum. qRT-PCR was conducted to profile the expression of these genes in the root, stem, leaf, and flower of A. vilmorinianum. The Ct values showed that 18S rRNA with high expression level and GAPDH2 with large expression difference among organs were not suitable as the reference genes. NormFinder and geNorm showed similar results of the expression stability of the other candidate reference genes and demonstrated PP2A1, EF1α, and CYP as the highly stable ones. However, BestKeeper suggested EF1α, ACT3, and PP2A1 as the top stable genes. In view of the different results from different softwares, the geometric mean method was employed to analyze the expression stability of the candidate re-ference genes, the results of which indicated that PP2A1, EF1α, and ACT3 were the most stable. Based on the comprehensive analysis results of geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and geometric mean method, PP2A1 and EF1α presented the most stable expression in different organs of A. vilmorinianum. PP2A1 and EF1α were the superior reference genes for gene expression profiling in different organs of A. vilmorinianum.
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Aconitum , Gene Expression Profiling , Genes, Plant/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reference Standards , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective@#To observe the dynamic impacts of shock waves on the severity of lung injury in rats with different injury distances.@*Methods@#Simulate open-field shock waves; detect the biomechanical effects of explosion sources at distances of 40, 44, and 48 cm from rats; and examine the changes in the gross anatomy of the lungs, lung wet/dry weight ratio, hemoglobin concentration, blood gas analysis, and pathology.@*Results@#Biomechanical parameters such as the overpressure peak and impulse were gradually attenuated with an increase in the injury distance. The lung tissue hemorrhage, edema, oxygenation index, and pathology changed more significantly for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups. The overpressure peak and impulse were significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The animal mortality was significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the other two groups (41.2% . 17.8% and 10.0%, < 0.05). The healing time of injured lung tissues for the 40 cm group was longer than those for the 44 and 48 cm groups.@*Conclusions@#The effects of simulated open-field shock waves on the severity of lung injuries in rats were correlated with the injury distances, the peak overpressure, and the overpressure impulse.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Biomechanical Phenomena , Blast Injuries , Pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Explosions , Lung Injury , Pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by comparing the lab results of diagnosed patients. Methods A total of 97 diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled from July 2017 to June 2018.Sputum smear microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen stain), sputum culture (MGIT liquid culture) and Xpert MTB/RIF were conducted in all patients.Drug susceptibility test and strain identification by PNB were done for culture positive sputum samples.Consistency rate was calculated. Results In terms of M.tuberculosis detection, sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 93.44% and 55.55%, respectively, compared with bacteriological examination (consistency rate 79.38%).Consistency rate of GeneXpert and PNB is 94.55%.In terms of RIF resistance test, sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 66.67% and 98.08%, respectively, compared with phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing (consistency rate 96.36%). Conclusion GeneXpert MTB/RIF can be utilized in combination with smear microscopy and liquid culture to diagnose more etiologically positive patients, and can spot RIF resistance patients early.But strain identification and drug susceptibility test are still needed for individualized therapy and optimal treatment outcome.
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Objective To evaluate GeneXpert MTB/RIF in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by comparing the lab results of diagnosed patients. Methods A total of 97 diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled from July 2017 to June 2018.Sputum smear microscopy (Ziehl-Neelsen stain), sputum culture (MGIT liquid culture) and Xpert MTB/RIF were conducted in all patients.Drug susceptibility test and strain identification by PNB were done for culture positive sputum samples.Consistency rate was calculated. Results In terms of M.tuberculosis detection, sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 93.44% and 55.55%, respectively, compared with bacteriological examination (consistency rate 79.38%).Consistency rate of GeneXpert and PNB is 94.55%.In terms of RIF resistance test, sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert were 66.67% and 98.08%, respectively, compared with phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing (consistency rate 96.36%). Conclusion GeneXpert MTB/RIF can be utilized in combination with smear microscopy and liquid culture to diagnose more etiologically positive patients, and can spot RIF resistance patients early.But strain identification and drug susceptibility test are still needed for individualized therapy and optimal treatment outcome.
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Triterpenoids are active constituents of many medicinal plants. The biosynthetic pathways of triterpenes have been fully studied and significant progress has been made. CYP450s are mainly involved in the post-modification process of triterpenoids biosynthesis, which plays a key role in the diversity of triterpenoids. Currently, a lot of CYP450s, which related to the biosynthesis of triterpenoids, have been cloned from many plants. In this paper, CYP450s involved in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids were reviewed, which provided a reference for the analysis of the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoids and the functional study of CYP450s.
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Objective: To clone the squalene epoxidase genes of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus(PvfSE),and perform bioinformatics analysis and prokaryotic expression. Method: Total RNA was extracted from root of P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus by trizol method, and reverse-transcribed into first stand of cDNA. Specific primers for PvfSE cloning were designed according to the transcriptome data of P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus,and the cDNA sequence of PvfSE gene was isolated. Bioinformatics of PvfSE was analyzed by relevant software. The prokaryotic expression vector pMal-c2X-PvfSE was built to express recombinant protein in Escherichia coli cells. Result: The PvfSE gene contained a 1 887 bp open reading frame,encoding a predicted protein of 628 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight was 68.8 kDa,the theoretical isoelectric point was 9.28,the aliphatic index was 95.18,the grand average of hydropathicity was -0.060, and the instability index was 40.36. The protein was unstable. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PvfSE had two transmembrane domains and no signal peptide. PvfSE was most likely to be located in chloroplast or cytoplasmic membrane. PvfSE was a mixed protein with FAD/NAD(P) binding domain and squalene epoxidase domain. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that PvfSE had a relatively close relationship with CpSE1,CpSE3,OsSE1 and OsSE2,which was involved in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins in Cucurbita pepo and Ononis spinosa. In addition,PvfSE protein was expressed in E. coli. Conclusion: In this study,PvfSE gene was cloned and expressed in BL21(DE3),which lays a foundation for the further study on the gene functions of PvfSE and the biosynthetic pathway of triterpenoid saponins in P. vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus.
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Objective To investigate the consecutive influenza vaccination situation among the patients with type 2 diabetes and the influencing factors. Methods Based on the influenza vaccination information obtained from the vaccination case registrations of the adult vaccination clinic in all the street community health service centers in Jiangdong District and the information of patients with type 2 diabetes derived from the chronic disease monitoring management information system of Zhejiang Province. A total of 269 urban household registration patients suffered from diabetes mellitus before August 2013 and had the influenza vaccination in 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 were ensured and analyzed by the ordinal regression analysis to explore the influencing factors of the consecutive influenza vaccination among the patients with type 2 diabetes. Results The influenza vaccination rates among the patients with type 2 diabetes in 2013/2014 (0.74％), 2014/2015 (0.82％), 2015/2016 (1.04％) and 2016/2017 (1.13％) were increasing year by year (χ2trend=11.663, P=0.001) with the annual rate of 0.95％. The once, twice, three and four times of the influenza vaccination accounted for 60.60％ (163 patients), 19.33％ (52 patients), 13.01％ (35 patients) and 7.06％ (19 patients), respectively. The ordinal regression analysis showed that patients below the age of 66 (OR=0.542, 95％CI: 0.310-0.948) and patients with a primary and middle school degree (ORprimary=0.436, 95％CI: 0.253-0.752; ORmiddle=0.438, 95％CI: 0.265-0.724) were all more likely to cease the vaccination. Patients who get the first time vaccination after be diagnosed in three years (OR=2.509, 95％CI: 1.412-4.459) were more likely to get immunized continuously. Conclusion The influenza vaccination rates among patients with type 2 diabetes were low. The patients aged 76 years old and above, with a higher degree and newly diagnosed were more likely to accept the consecutive influenza vaccination.
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An analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of SIOC0426 residues in environment samples ( soil, sediment and water) . The fate of SIOC0426 in three kinds of soils was also evaluated. The target compound was extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up by C18 cartridge, and analyzed by gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization under positive mode ( ESI+) using a UPLC BEH C18 column. The method was validated using fortified soil, sediment and water. Mean recoveries of SIOC0426 at three spiked levels ( 0 . 005 , 0 . 05 and 2 . 0 mg/kg ) ranged from 87% to 106% with relative standard deviations of 2. 8%-8. 0%. Limits of quantification ( LOQs) of SIOC0426 in soil ( sediment) and water were 0. 2 μg/kg and 0. 2 μg/L, respectively. Linear calibration functions with correlation coefficients R2>0. 9999 were obtained in the concentration range of 0. 5-20 μg/L. This method was applied to the analysis of SIOC0426 residues in soil degradation samples. The results showed that the half-life of SIOC0426 ranged from 1. 72 days to 28. 2 days in three kinds of soils under aerobiotic conditions. While, the half-life of SIOC0426 ranged from 2. 93 days to 31. 4 days in three kinds of soils under anaerobic conditions. The degradation speed of SIOC0426 under aerobiotic conditions was faster than that under anaerobic conditions in the same soil. And the degradation speed of SIOC0426 in soils may be connected with the pH value of soils, cation exchange capacity and soil texture.
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An analytical method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of SIOC0426 residues in environment samples ( soil, sediment and water) . The fate of SIOC0426 in three kinds of soils was also evaluated. The target compound was extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up by C18 cartridge, and analyzed by gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization under positive mode ( ESI+) using a UPLC BEH C18 column. The method was validated using fortified soil, sediment and water. Mean recoveries of SIOC0426 at three spiked levels ( 0 . 005 , 0 . 05 and 2 . 0 mg/kg ) ranged from 87% to 106% with relative standard deviations of 2. 8%-8. 0%. Limits of quantification ( LOQs) of SIOC0426 in soil ( sediment) and water were 0. 2 μg/kg and 0. 2 μg/L, respectively. Linear calibration functions with correlation coefficients R2>0. 9999 were obtained in the concentration range of 0. 5-20 μg/L. This method was applied to the analysis of SIOC0426 residues in soil degradation samples. The results showed that the half-life of SIOC0426 ranged from 1. 72 days to 28. 2 days in three kinds of soils under aerobiotic conditions. While, the half-life of SIOC0426 ranged from 2. 93 days to 31. 4 days in three kinds of soils under anaerobic conditions. The degradation speed of SIOC0426 under aerobiotic conditions was faster than that under anaerobic conditions in the same soil. And the degradation speed of SIOC0426 in soils may be connected with the pH value of soils, cation exchange capacity and soil texture.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of P53 protein in the advanced ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and explore its potential correlation with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of ovarian cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of P53 protein in 183 patients with advanced ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. The correlation of P53 protein with the clinicopathological features and its significance in the assessment of prognosis were explored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The P53 protein expression was positive in 62.8% of the patients. Chi-square test showed that the overexpression of P53 protein was positively correlated with the elevation of serum CA125 and the two-tier grading of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma (P<0.001, P=0.038). Univariate analysis suggested that the prognosis of patients was associated with two-tier grading (P=0.007), lymph node metastasis (P=0.036), preoperative serum CA125 level (P=0.002), and P53 overexpression (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.038), lymph node metastasis (P=0.002), and overexpression of P53 (P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The P53 protein expression is closely related to the prognosis of advanced ovarian serous adenocarcinoma and can be used as an important indicator for predicting the prognosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , CA-125 Antigen , Blood , Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous , Metabolism , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Membrane Proteins , Blood , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Staging , Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial , Metabolism , Pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Prognosis , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effect of lactoferrin fortified formula milk on growth and blood erythrocyte indices among infants.Methods In this prospective multi -center controlled intervention study,a total of 260 infants were selected from six maternal and children's health care hospitals in the area.All subjects were divided into two groups with the sequence of outpatient:lactoferrin fortified formula milk group (fortified group,FG,containing lactoferrin 38 mg/100 g milk and iron element 4mg/100 g milk)and no lactoferrin fortified milk (control group,CG,containing lactoferrin 0 mg/100 g milk and iron element 4.2 mg/100 g milk)for 3 months.The levels of weight,height and head circumference and the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb),serum ferritin (SF),red blood cell count (RBC),hematocrit(Hct),mean corpuscular volume (MCV ), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH ), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC),red blood cells volume distribution width (RDW)and HAZ,WAZ and WHZ were recorded before and after intervention,respectively.Results A total of 213 (including 115 in FG,and 98 in CG)infants were included in the intervention trial and all measurement of biochemical indicators were detected.There were no significant difference in the average amount of daily intake of formula milk (94.3 ±9.8 g vs.88.2 ±8.7 g for FG and CG,P >0.05)and iron element (3.8 ±0.4 mg vs.3.7 ±0.6 mg for FG and CG,P >0.05).The average amount of daily intake of lactoferrin for infants in FG group was 35.8 ±3.7 mg.The levels of weight,WAZ,WHZ,Hb,SF,MCV and MCHC of infants in FG after intervention were all significantly higher than those of infants in CG [weight,(8723 ±245)g vs.(8558 ±214)g;WAZ,(1.02 ±0.31)vs.(0.44 ±0.18);WHZ,(0.98 ±0.31)vs.(0.41 ±0.12);Hb,(125.5 ±15.4)g/L vs. (116.9 ±13.1)g/L;SF,(44.7 ±17.2)μg/L vs.(31.6 ±18.4)μg/L,but significantly lower for the prevalence of anemia (4.35% vs.7.14%)and iron deficiency (13.91% vs.24.49%)(P <0.05).Conclusion The intervention of lactoferrin fortified formula milk presented significant effects on iron metabolic homeostasis and erythrocyte indices of infant with breastfeeding.
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Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO2-xNx film , and to explore the effects of nitrogen-content and thickness of the film on the film biocompatibility. Methods We successfully prepared the TiO2-xNx film brackets samples. L929 cells were divided into film brackets group and control group. The film brackets group was further divided into the nitrogen content groups (argon/nitrogen gas flow ratio of 30: 1 , 30: 1. 5 , and 30: 2) and thickness groups (sputtering time were 30 , 60 , and 90 min). L929 cells were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiO2-xNx film of orthodontic brackets by the methods of cell adhesion , MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase LDH release assay. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 19. 0 Software , and the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results The L929 cells adhered and spread well on the surface of the brackets both in the film brackets group and the control group. Although the cell proliferation rates of the nitrogen content groups at 24 , 48 , and 72 h , and of the thickness group at 24 and 72 h were significantly different from that of the control group C0. 05). Conclusion The cytotoxicity of TiO2-xNx film is at grade 0 level , and nitrogen content and film thickness are relevant factors of the biocompatibility of L929 cells.
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Objective To evaluate the biocompatibility of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO2-xNx film, and to explore the effects of nitrogen-content and thickness of the film on the film biocompatibility. Methods We successfully prepared the TiO 2-xNx film brackets samples. L929 cells were divided into film brackets group and control group. The film brackets group was further divided into the nitrogen content groups (argon/nitrogen gas flow ratio of 30: 1, 30:1.5, and 30: 2) and thickness groups (sputtering time were 30, 60, and 90 min). L929 cells were used to evaluate the biocompatibility of TiO2-xNx film of orthodontic brackets by the methods of cell adhesion, MTT assay and the lactate dehydrogenase LDH release assay. The experimental data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software, and the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results The L929 cells adhered and spread well on the surface of the brackets both in the film brackets group and the control group. Although the cell proliferation rates of the nitrogen content groups at 24, 48, and 72 h, and of the thickness group at 24 and 72 h were significantly different from that of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The cytotoxicity of TiO2-xNx film is at grade 0 level, and nitrogen content and film thickness are relevant factors of the biocompatibility of L929 cells.
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Our previous study has shown berberine prevents damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier during early phase of sepsis in rat through mechanisms independent of the NOD-like receptors signaling pathway. In this study, we explored the regulatory effects of berberine on Toll-like receptors during the intestinal mucosal damaging process in rats. Male Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats were treated with berberine for 5 d before undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce polymicrobial sepsis. The expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2), TLR 4, TLR 9, the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), the levels of selected cytokines and chemokines, percentage of cell death in intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal permeability were investigated at 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after CLP. Results showed that the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level were significantly lower in berberine-treated rats compared to the control animals. Conversely, the expression level of tight junction proteins, percentage of cell death in intestinal epithelial cells and the mucosal permeability were significantly higher in berberine-treated rats. The mRNA expression of TLR 2, TLR 4, and TLR 9 were significantly affected by berberine treatment. Our results indicate that pretreatment with berberine attenuates tissue injury and protects the intestinal mucosal barrier in early phase of sepsis and this may possibly have been mediated through the TLRs pathway.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Berberine , Cell Death , Chemokines , Cytokines , Epithelial Cells , Interleukin-6 , Intraabdominal Infections , Ligation , Permeability , Punctures , RNA, Messenger , Sepsis , Tight Junction Proteins , Toll-Like Receptor 2 , Toll-Like Receptors , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
S100P is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, and it participates in pathophysiological events, such as tumor growth and invasion. Based on the striking similarities between trophoblast cells and tumor cells with regard to proliferative and invasive properties, we raised the question of whether and how S100P expresses in trophoblast cells during development. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of S100P in the human placenta during pregnancy development. In this experimental study, we collected 16 first-trimester placental tissues, 10 second-trimester placental tissues, and 12 term placentas. The mRNA expression levels of S100P were detected by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and quantitative real-time PCR, the protein expression levels were detected by western blot, and the localization of S100P was measured by immunohistochemical staining. The values obtained from PCR and western blot analysis were expressed as the mean +/- SD. Levene's test was used to test equal variances, and one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] was used to evaluate differences between groups. Protein and mRNA expression of S100P could be detected in placenta during pregnancy, with minor higher levels in first-trimester [p>0.05]. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that S100P protein was strongly expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts, and moderate expression was detected in villous cytotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblast columns. The S100P protein was localized to both cytoplasm and nuclei in syncytiotrophoblasts, while it only existed in the cytoplasm of cytotrophoblasts. S100P was strongly detected in human placenta during pregnancy. The specific expression and distribution of S100P in human placenta throughout gestation suggested that S100P function might vary with its location in the placenta
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Humans , Female , Neoplasm Proteins , Placenta , Pregnancy , TrophoblastsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Generally, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be the preferable method to treat partial globozoospermia, but whether there exist some correlations between ICSI fertilization rate and the proportion of round-headed sperm or morphologically normal sperm remains open. This study was to explore the correlation between ICSI fertilization rate and the sperm morphology in patients with partial globozoospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four patients diagnosed with partial globozoospermia accepted the following assisted fertilization treatments - 2 cases accepted in-vitro fertilization (IVF) alone, 26 cases accepted ICSI alone, and 6 accepted split IVF/ICSI. Detailed morphological characteristics were described using Diff-Quik rapid staining. Sixty cases accepting IVF or ICSI treatment in our reproductive center were considered as the control group after being matched by relevant criteria. Fertilization rate, embryo quality, embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Besides very high proportion of round-headed sperm, partial globozoospermia also showed very high proportion of small-acrosomal sperm and very low proportion of morphologically normal sperm. Fertilization rate of IVF (IVF alone plus split IVF) was very low in partial globozoospermia (25.4% ± 17.4%), but ICSI (ICSI alone plus split ICSI) achieved satisfying fertilization rate compared with the control group (66.2% ± 22.5% vs. 68.8% ± 29.4%, P > 0.05). In patients with partial globozoospermia, there were no correlations between ICSI fertilization rate and the proportion of round-headed sperm, small-acrosomal sperm, or morphologically normal sperm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was high proportion of small-acrosomal sperm in partial globozoospermia. For patients with partial globozoospermia, ICSI is more preferable than IVF. ICSI fertilization rate does not depend on the proportion of round-headed sperm, small-acrosomal sperm, or morphologically normal sperm.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , Fertilization in Vitro , Infertility, Male , Therapeutics , Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic , Spermatozoa , Congenital Abnormalities , Cell Biology , PhysiologyABSTRACT
[ Objective ] To analyze the incidence level and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis ( TB) from 2004 to 2013 in Putuo District , Shanghai and to provide basis for the development of targeted prevention strategies against tuberculosis . [ Methods] By means of descriptive and comparative approaches , 2 ,434 cases of TB were retrospectively analyzed in epidemiological characteristics , treatment outcome, complications and so on . [ Results] The registration rate of TB in Putuo District in 2004-2013 decreased from 27.57/100,000 to 26.59/100,000, with an annual descending rate of 0.36%. Annual registration rate and smear positive rate in men were higher than those in women , and three increasing peaks appeared in age-specific registration rates , as 20-29 years, 50-59 years, and 70-79 years. In cases of 0-29 years, the ratio of male to female was 1.21∶1, of which students accounted for about one-third mainly in initial treatment (95.50%) and with smear-negativeness 69.59%.In patients at the age of 30-59, the ratio of male to female was 3.16∶1, of whom the unemployed at home and workers accounted for about two fifths, more of them being in initial treatment (82.29%) and with smear positiveness 46.13%. Sex ratio was 2 .84∶1 in cases of 60 or above , of which the retired accounted for two-thirds and smear-positiveness was 61.78%, more of them having complications (36.39%).TB cure rates decreased with the increase of age , and the mortality rate reached a peak in the higher age group . [ Conclusion] Although the epidemic of tuberculosis in registered population declined in Putuo District , targeted policies should be formulated to control tuberculosis , such as strengthening TB control management in school , improving the patient compliance with treatment , and strengthening the comprehensive treatment which may reduce TB mortality .